Identifying Cash Flow problems and planning for solutions Assignment

Identifying Cash Flow problems and planning for solutions - Assignment Example Of the total sales of $208,000 in January, $20,800 was cash sales, and another $20,280, net of commission was from credit card sales, making a total of $41,080 collectible in the month of sales, namely January. Of the remaining $166,400, $55,470 is collectible in each of the following three months, namely February, March and April. Thus the total collections for the month of April against the sales of $208,000 are only $41,470. The expenses during the month of January are $187,070, of which $103,740 is against variable costs and $83,330 are fixed costs. Consequently, there is a shortfall of $145,990 in the month of January. Similarly, there are shortfalls in the cash flows for the months of February and March to the tune of $106,490 and $46,530 respectively. The cash flow turns positive from April onwards showing that this is a temporary problem, as the cash collections from previous months will compensate for the delays in the subsequent months. However, such situations can recur in future if there is a sudden growth or dip in sales during a particular period. It is obvious, from the above analysis, that the problem arises because of the delay in cash collections. There are several approaches that can be used to tackle this problem. Some of the possible measures that can be taken include taking deposits, offering discounts for prompt payments, and factoring receivables (Katz & Green, 2009, p. 464). In the case of Bulltuff, the most appropriate among these seems to be to offer a discount for early payment. Taking deposits may not be a viable alternative as all customers (dealers) may not agree to it. It cannot be implemented selectively on only a few willing customers. Factoring receivables is likely to be costly. Consequently, offering discounts for early payments appears to be the most workable solution. The company could also simultaneously consider steps to delay the cash outflows

Comparing the Last Song and Dear John Essay Example for Free

Comparing the Last Song and Dear John Essay Comparing Movies The last 2 movies I saw were The Last Song and Dear John. Considering both of these movies are sappy Nicholas Sparks books, they have a ton of similarities. They also have some differences. I saw both of these movies more than 4 months ago so I hope I can even remember enough to compare them. One similarity is about 2 people that meet in a beach setting. In The Last Song, Ronnie, who is played by Miley Cyrus and is the main character, is shipped to her fathers house in Tybee Beach, Georgia, with her mothers hopes of her losing her bad attitude due to her arents rough divorce. While she is staying there, she meets a boy named Will who she tries to repel, but she ends up falling for him. In Dear John, which is also set in North Carolina, John, who is played by Channing Tatum, is visiting his father before he goes off to the army and Savannah, who is played by Amanda Seyfried, is going to school in North Carolina spends a month in Wilmington to built a house for Habitat for Humanity. These two also meet on the beach and fall in love. Another similarity is that death happens in both of these plots. In The Last Song, Ronnies dad had been aced with a battle with cancer and in the end of the story, he lost it. Leaving behind an ex wife, a changed-for-the-better daughter, and a young, very sensitive son. In Dear John, Johns dad had been suffering from having many heart attacks and eventually died. One last similarity is how the couples in both movies fall in love over a short period of time. In The Last Song, Ronnie tries to resist Will but she falls for him anyway over about a 2 week period. In Dear John, Savannah and John meet when Savannahs purse falls into the water and John goes to retrieve it. There were sparks there from the start. They also fell in love over a 2 week period. One of the most famous lines in that movie is said by Savannah and sounds like, Two weeks together, thats all it took. Two weeks for me to fall for you. There are also many differences in these movies. One, is that in The Last Song, Ronnie and Will end up together but in Dear John, Savannah marries a man who is dying and John sells his fathers prized coin collection to get money for his treatment but Savannah still loves John as much as she did. Another difference is in Dear John, the guy in the relationship goes away and leaves the girl. That doesnt happen in The Last Song ecause Will stays around and continues to date Ronnie. One last difference between these two movies is that the girls in both plots feel completely different towards the guys in the beginning. In Dear John, it was basically love at first sight. Savannah was attracted to John from the start. In The Last Song, Ronnie didnt like Will and tried to stay away from him. Both of these movies were based on books written by the same author so it was rather easy to find similarities. The plots of these movies are different but also have some of the same aspects. Comparing the Last Song and Dear John By lucilleparr

Drugs In The Urban Community Essay -- Descriptive Drugs Gangs

The real America is filled with abandoned houses, prostitution, and citizens that have no hope on life. How can this lifestyle become a normal living condition? Some say there is no chance on restoring the communities that were destroyed from drugs. Is our government aware of the hardship and poverty while they send troops to war? The infestation of drugs overtaking communities results in corruption in neighborhoods, destroying families, weakening the school system and increasing the crime and violence rate. The usage of drugs in major cities, and certain urban areas have transformed them to become an eye sorer. The type of place where unfamiliar faces will be scared to drive through at night. The ghetto is filthy and nasty looking; drugs have caused the used to be new, to look like a complete city that needs to be rehabbed. Some say the ghetto is a beautiful place and there is nothing wrong with it, certainly you would have to live there to feel that way. Recently real estate tycoons have made a fortune on rehabilitating houses. So how do drugs make our neighborhoods look so bad? â€Å"When it comes to drugs, think of it as real estate. Location is very important, just like your property value goes up and down, so does the drug market† (Local dealer 1, 2008). Local dealers compete in price and produc t, drug houses are being set on fire to force users to purchase from the arsonist that funded the fire. Once these houses have been burnt, that puts the house out of business until they move to another location and establishes their clients; I guess it’s like a store. Most big time drug dealers have more than one drug house; the more houses the more money. ... ...must purchase them from someone more successful than them, and to take their position they must kill them, and keeping the money and drugs from the transaction. This is how some dealers become heartless, doing whatever it takes to make the money, and take over the streets where the money is. It is a shame that people have been choosing this lifestyle, some even forced into this vicious cycle. Even, I have experience the effect of drugs in my city that I was born in, have you? NA May, 2008 "Uniform Crime Reports" (FBI, 1934-1990) NA Dealer 1 May 2008 Chooses to remain anonymous NA Dealer 2 May 2008 Chooses to remain anonymous Gordon. E Kenny PhD 1990 (National Household survey on drug abuse) .National institute on drug abuse. Gordon. E Kenny PhD 1997 Uniform Crime Reports (FBI, 1934-1990) NA http://www.rapdict.org/Detroit May 2008

Power Struggles and the Strong Woman

Katherine Hui RAYMOND WATERS CWL320 30 November 2011 POWER STRUGGLES AND THE STRONG WOMAN â€Å"Morning Glory†, directed by Roger Mitchell, is a romantic comedy and a reification of morning television. It is heavily coated in a formula base plot – the female protagonist is faced with obstacles in which she must overcome to prove her worth to those who have doubted her wrong; while simultaneously balancing her love interest. One of the most prominent archetypes in comedy is the strong woman archetype. The strong woman plays an outstanding role portraying power struggles, especially in the workplace.Becky Fuller, 28, is a high-energy and wide-eyed assistant producer. She quickly becomes a likable character in which the audience cannot help but root for. Through her struggles with pursuing her dreams of becoming an executive producer at the Today Show, Becky finds herself hired to revitalize a morning show in turmoil. Throughout the movie she experiences struggles with her self, her network, and the male alazon – Mike Pomeroy, a former news anchor acclaimed for his experience in covering â€Å"real† news.There is a parallel growth between all the characters in the movie as well as the morning show itself. The movie begins with a date, visually framing Becky’s obvious social ineptness and her overt dedication to work. Because of her job in early morning news, the audience sees her on a â€Å"3p. m. dinner† date with a marketing executive, whose job adds into the irony of the duo. Becky is chained to her phone and unable to talk about anything other than her work. She stumbles over her words and acts as if she were still a pubescent teenager on her first date.The marketing executive immediately realizes her awkwardness and incapacity to remove herself from her job and quickly asks for the check. Here the audience sympathizes for Becky, seeing her struggle in trying to fulfill one of life’s basic needs: companionship. T he date is followed by a montage of her daily routine in which we see Becky in her comfort zone; in complete control of what she is passionate about: work. The audience sees the contrast between her dedication with work and struggles ith men; and is able to feel a sense of admiration and respect for the character. Although she lacks in being able to make social connections she makes up for in her devotion to her work. Becky is a highly dedicated to her job at Good Morning New Jersey. She is the â€Å"first one in, last one out and knows a shitload more about news than someone’s whose daddy paid them to smoke bongs and talk semiotics at Harvard. † Becky is tipped off that she would be promoted to executive producer, something that she has pursued since she was 18.Instead she is laid off and expectantly replaced by a male who has more experience with an education from Harvard. This is a constant struggle in society today; women are underrated and easily replaced in the w ork place. The strong women archetype serves to prove society wrong through the comic spirit theme. Although Becky is consistently faced with others doubt in her – including her own mother – she perseveres through the negativity as the strong woman and is given the opportunity as an executive producer on Daybreak, a â€Å"perpetually fourth rated morning show† at IBS.On Becky’s first day she is already confronted with multiple complications: her boss’s lack of faith, the show’s low morale, and its semi-talented staff. Quickly she proves that she posses the type of assertiveness and ardent attitude that Daybreak desperately needs, making the executive decision to fire a long running co-anchor Paul McVee, the epitome of the conceitedness and one of the main reasons for the show’s low morale. Becky again faces another challenge: finding the perfect replacement. Daybreak’s low budget forces Becky to find an unconventional way to hi re a new anchor.Through her wit and ability to think on her feet she finds a loophole in one of IBS’s contracted and retired news anchors. Mike Pomeroy, the braggart male, is a world-renowned and respected television journalist. His opinion of morning television is far from low and is highly reluctant in having to co-anchor Daybreak, finally he is forced to accept the position due to his six million dollar contract with IBS. Pomeroy refuses to cover anything â€Å"un-newsworthy† and becomes a constant struggle in Becky’s effort to improve the show.Pomeroy disregards all of Becky’s requests, even getting drunk before his first day at work, further conveying his role as the braggart male. Becky withstands anything that Pomeroy throws at her, paralleling her strength to his experience. Pomeroy compares morning entertainment to a worthless sugary â€Å"donut†, in which Becky counters by comparing hard news to a boring â€Å"bran muffin. † Both c haracters finally come to reconciliation when they collaborate on their first breaking news story, covering the live arrest of New Jersey’s governor on charges of racketeering.Becky is elated and compares their breakthrough to a â€Å"bran donut. † She is faced with yet another challenge: improving Daybreaks ratings or having to face cancellation. One challenge that television faces today is the quality of entertainment. Often time’s ratings are based on controversy and popular culture and the dumb-ing down of information to appease the commercial audience. Becky fully understands what viewers want and overlooks this issue, completely devoting herself into doing absolutely anything to increase ratings.Through the strong woman archetype Becky shows that she has a clear vision and proves to her co-workers that she has a concrete strategy and ability to meet the audiences needs. Her dedication rally’s morale and like Lysistrata she is able to persuade her cr ew to be just as committed as she is. Becky performs miracles, introducing new segments and changing everything from the weather broadcast to their interviews. This progression is farced paced, paralleling the show’s increasing success.As Daybreak’s ratings go up they’re able to gain access to more famous celebrities, which in turn increases ratings even more. The show’s breaking point comes with Becky’s and Pomeroy’s â€Å"bran donut,† signifying her achievement at Daybreak and her ability to overcome the tribulations of the male alazon through her strong will and perseverance. Throughout the plot Becky becomes romantically involved with Adam Bennett, another producer at IBS. Although â€Å"Morning Glory† is a romantic comedy, it touches lightly on Becky’s relationship with Adam, focusing more on her exchanges with Pomeroy.Expectantly, Becky struggles with removing herself from work while trying to build a relationship with her love interest. Her dedication to work is her Achilles’ heal as well as her inimitable strength. Adam is able to overlook her awkwardness, even to the point adoration. The show’s successes and downfalls parallel with Becky’s growth in her ability to sustain a relationship. Towards the end of the movie, like with all romantic comedies, she is finally able to overlook her obsessions and succeed in overcoming her disability to make a romantic connection.The comic spirit seeks to exhibit strength in those who deserve a chance to exhibit greatness; those who are overlooked by society’s standards. In â€Å"Morning Glory,† Becky’ Fuller’s enduring strength, forceful determination, and self-belief transcends beyond any high profiled work experience or degree from Harvard. Daybreak’s growth parallels with Becky’s relationship with Mike Pomeroy as well the crew’s morale. Becky is a prime example of the strong woman archetype and she triumphs over her inner struggles as well as struggles with the higher forces of society.

Jack Greenberg, Inc.

Family owned business is a business that is owned by one family, most of the shareholders are from the same family. One of the major problems in this type of business is a conflict in interests among the family’s member. The auditor should be careful and observe the type of the relationship among the family’s member. There should be a written agreement to specify rights, duties, and obligations for each member, the auditor should read those documents for further information.One issue that faced the auditor is to understand the attitude of each member, the risk of manipulating facts can be existed due to the close relationship. In the case of Jack Greenberg, the son has manipulated the numbers in the record for his father’s sake and no one would be able to prevent him since he is one of the owners. The possibility of hiding facts is high in this kind of business because of the close relationship among the family’s member.I believe the family owned business demands more effort from the auditor to check and discover misstatements. 2. For the prepaid inventory I would recommend that the auditor should focus on the following objectives; existing, occurrence, valuation and allocation, completeness, and right and obligation. Prepaid items represent a complete listing of the company’s costs that are allocable to future periods and that can reasonably be expected to be realized through future operations.As for the merchandise, the auditor should physically observe the inventory to verify the amount recorded, the most important part of the observation of inventory is to determine whether the physical count is being taken in accordance with the client’s instructions. The audit objective related to merchandise are; * Existence: Inventory as recorded on tags exists. * Completeness: Existing inventory is counted and tagged. * Accuracy: Inventory is counted accurately. * Realizable value: Obsolete and unusable inventory items are excl uded or noted. Rights: The client has rights to inventory recorded on tags. * Classification: Inventory is classified correctly on the tags. * Cutoff: Transactions are recorded in the proper period. 3. Internal evidence is created, used, and retained within the client’s organization and without the help of outside parties for example; sales invoices duplicate copy, employees’ time reports, inventory reports, and purchase requisitions. On the other hand, external evidence originates outside the client’s organization for example; bank statement.This type of documents generally prepared in the ordinary course of business activities and form part of its records whether of accounting or non-accounting nature. Sometimes obtained directly from source such as bank, debtors, and creditors confirmations. External evidence and the internally generated evidence circulated externally are more reliable than the internal evidence. 4. Walkthrough is simply the act of tracing a transaction through organizational records and procedures, a commonsense approach to learning how a process works.The purpose of walkthrough procedure is to evaluate the reliability of the client's accounting system. The auditor looks at the supporting documentation for a transaction from its starting point and then proceeds to examine the accounting system steps thereafter until ultimate disposition of the item. The walk-through examination is one of the tests that is important for the auditor to obtain an understanding of the client’s business. The U. S.Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) has drawn attention to a fundamental audit procedures, one that is so common that auditors may take it for granted is the walkthrough procedure. Most auditors traditionally have viewed walkthroughs as the procedure of choice when attempting to develop an understanding of key processes and internal controls of a client. Now, walkthroughs are required when certifying financial reporting controls under Section 404 of the U. S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. As it relates to Audit Standard No. from the PCAOB, the standard includes a requirement that the auditor must perform a walkthrough for each of the company’s significant processes. 5. I would highly recommend that the auditor should extend the scope of substantive test and increase the sample size in order to discover other misstatements that existed. The auditor also could trace documents to testify whether the inventory has been listed accurately. Analytical procedure and test of detail as part of substantive test to find the relationship between the inventory account and other accounts in the financial statements.Cut off test with physical observation to the inventory would help to discover fraud and any misstatement in the inventory account. In addition, the auditor may use confirmation to confirm amount listed in the record with third parties. 6. I think the audit firm responsibility is to info rm the client that there are weaknesses in their current internal control however the audit firm does not have the right to force the client to do some action regarding those deficiencies. The auditor should try to persuade the client and reveal the risks of having such a weak internal control system.In case the client did not cooperate with the auditor, the auditor should resign from performing audit services to the client; he or she should disclose that decision. The general Accepted Auditing Standards -AU 150 paragraph 2- require the auditor to maintain independence as a general rule, the auditor must also exercise due professional care in the performance of the audit and the preparation of the report therefore, in order to maintain the auditor independence, the auditor should have his or her own voice and not just follow the client’s rule.

Free Essays on Lighting The Fire Of Rock And Roll Dreams

‘Lighting the Fire’ of America’s Rock and Roll Dreams In 1965 the gates of musical history opened its doors to a new sound that would affect young teenage angst minds and many others forever, this new sound was called: The Doors. It’s members consisting of the late front man Jim Morisson, organist Ray Manzarek, drummer John Densmore, and guitarist Robby Krieger met while residing near the U.C.L.A. area. The four musicians were completely aware of the â€Å"surf doo wop† music that was infesting the Los Angeles, California area and were destined on doing something about it.(Raz) By indulging in the influences of musical genres such as rock ‘n’ roll, jazz, blues, and classical, The Doors had made a recipe for musical success. Their first released single â€Å"Break on Through†was met with mild response. Just when it was seeming like their careers were over before they had began their second single â€Å"Light My Fire† lit up the air waves like wild fire, thus insuring The Doors a place in musical history. While The Doors compsed many other hits in their short careers â€Å"Light My Fire would be the song that would leave their impact in musical history and in N.P.R’S â€Å"Top 100 Most Influencial American Works of the 21st century. â€Å"Light My Fire† written by Robby Krieger, was a sure fire way to get into people’s minds. A few lyrics added by Jim Morisson caused some confusion within the band such as â€Å"No time to wallow in the mire. Try now. We can only lose, and our love becomes a funeral pyre...† According to N.P.R. reporter Guy Raz ‘â€Å"Light My Fire’ is a love song to a generation of iconoclasts where love ends in a pile of ash smoldering on a funeral pyre. In the fall of 1964 Jim Morrison met Ray Manzarek while attending while attending U.C.L.A. Later in the spring 1965 the boys add time-measure when drummer John Densmore joins the band. Now enabling them to cut a six song demo including â€Å"Moon Light Drive†, ï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Lighting The Fire Of Rock And Roll Dreams Free Essays on Lighting The Fire Of Rock And Roll Dreams ‘Lighting the Fire’ of America’s Rock and Roll Dreams In 1965 the gates of musical history opened its doors to a new sound that would affect young teenage angst minds and many others forever, this new sound was called: The Doors. It’s members consisting of the late front man Jim Morisson, organist Ray Manzarek, drummer John Densmore, and guitarist Robby Krieger met while residing near the U.C.L.A. area. The four musicians were completely aware of the â€Å"surf doo wop† music that was infesting the Los Angeles, California area and were destined on doing something about it.(Raz) By indulging in the influences of musical genres such as rock ‘n’ roll, jazz, blues, and classical, The Doors had made a recipe for musical success. Their first released single â€Å"Break on Through†was met with mild response. Just when it was seeming like their careers were over before they had began their second single â€Å"Light My Fire† lit up the air waves like wild fire, thus insuring The Doors a place in musical history. While The Doors compsed many other hits in their short careers â€Å"Light My Fire would be the song that would leave their impact in musical history and in N.P.R’S â€Å"Top 100 Most Influencial American Works of the 21st century. â€Å"Light My Fire† written by Robby Krieger, was a sure fire way to get into people’s minds. A few lyrics added by Jim Morisson caused some confusion within the band such as â€Å"No time to wallow in the mire. Try now. We can only lose, and our love becomes a funeral pyre...† According to N.P.R. reporter Guy Raz ‘â€Å"Light My Fire’ is a love song to a generation of iconoclasts where love ends in a pile of ash smoldering on a funeral pyre. In the fall of 1964 Jim Morrison met Ray Manzarek while attending while attending U.C.L.A. Later in the spring 1965 the boys add time-measure when drummer John Densmore joins the band. Now enabling them to cut a six song demo including â€Å"Moon Light Drive†, ï ¿ ½...

buy custom Julia Butterfly Hill essay

buy custom Julia Butterfly Hill essay Today people are living in a jet-age, in a world of high tech and industry where most of their deeds are dictated by financial profit and material needs of a comfortable life. Being obsessed by the desire of self-enrichment, people do not take into account the place they live in, and often forget that their actions can cause harm to the world around them. That is why the work that nature protection organizations and their volunteers do play a significant role in preserving the nature from hasty steps of mankind. Speaking about the environment protection, there are many people, unfortunately mostly anonymous, who did a lot to attract the attention of the authorities to this problem, but there is one person who remains well known till today. Her name is Julia Butterfly Hill and she is famous for her two-year sit in a huge Redwood tree which she called Luna. Back then in the late 90s, it was a sensational case. It was her way of protest against cutting this tree down by the local lumber company, and Julia succeeded. By her in-tree sitting, she made everyone pay attention to the problem bigger than just cutting down one particular tree. Being started with a small work, she grew into wide activities focused not only on saving and preserving the woods all around the United States or organizing the actions of protest, bu also on founding various non-profit nature-conservation organizations as Circle of Life Foundation. In my opinion, Julia Hills tree sit is a remarkable feat of a person not indifferent to what happens in the world around her. It was an example of how one ordinary person, being inspired by the lofty idea, could do something extraordinary. Someone may say that such actions of people who care is just a spectacular move, designed to attract attention to them. However, in the case of Julia, it was probably the only way to attract public attention to the issue raised by her. Julias decision to climb a tree is a manifestation of the strong will and determination to reach the goal. During her sit, Julia weathered cold rains as well as El Nino hurricane winds and attacks of both angry loggers and security guards. Few people are ready to make something like this in order to achieve their goal of voluntary help to a single tree, while undergoing much inconvenience and sacrificing their own comfort and safety. In her speech at the Mount Mercy University Chapel, Julia Hill mentioned that everyone has his or her symbolic tree to sit in. If take her words literally, I think it means that each person can find a tree that is related to him or her, or symbolizes some significant features of a persons character. If so, I think that my tree is a maple. For me, it is a symbol of strength and persistence as maples can grow in a rather cold climate and the tree itself looks steady and strong. Also it symbolizes friendliness and joy by its vast branches and the way sun rays flicker between the leaves. On the other hand, Julias words can have the other side, meaning that the symbolic tree is the goal of a persons life. When she says that each of us has to find his or her own tree to sit in, it means that we have to figure out what the main goal of our life is and stick to it. People have to devote their lives to something that is truly important to them instead of being important to somebody else. When such goal is found and one feels exhilarated by reaching it, the way to the top is like a tree with lots of branches. On the way one steps from one opportunity to another as if climbing on branches, from one challenge to another, changing himself and the world around for good. This tree is what I am still looking for because it is not easy sometimes to figure out what is really significant in life. I am sure that there is no need to hurry. Life will show the way to my tree when time comes, and what I am doing now is just exploring the magnificent forest of chances and challenges of life. Buy custom Julia "Butterfly" Hill essay

Constructing a Deductive Theory

Constructing a Deductive Theory There are two approaches to constructing a theory: deductive theory construction and inductive theory construction. Deductive theory construction takes place during deductive reasoning in the hypothesis-testing phase of research. Process The process of developing a deductive theory is not always as simple and straightforward as the following; however, the process generally involves the following steps: Specify the topic.Specify the range of phenomena your theory addresses. Will it apply to all of human social life, only U.S. citizens, only middle-class Hispanics, or what?Identify and specify your major concepts and variables.Find out what is known about the relationships among those variables.Reason logically from those relationships to the specific topic you are studying. Pick a Topic of Interest The first step in constructing a deductive theory is picking a topic that interests you. It can be very broad or very specific but should be something that you are trying to understand or explain. Then, identify what the range of phenomena is that you are examining. Are you looking at human social life across the globe, only women in the United States, only poor, sick children in Haiti, etc? Take Inventory   The next step is to take inventory of what is already known about that topic or what is thought about it. This includes learning what other scholars have said about it as well as writing down your own observations and ideas. This is the point in the research process where you will likely spend a great deal of time in the library reading scholarly literature on the topic and devising a literature review. During this process, you will likely notice patterns discovered by prior scholars. For example, if you are looking at views on abortion, religious and political factors will stand out as important predictors in many of the previous studies you come across. Next Steps After you’ve examined the previous research conducted on your topic, you are ready to construct your own theory. What is it that you believe you will find during your research? Once you develop your theories and hypotheses, it is time to test them in the data collection and analysis phase of your research. References Babbie, E. (2001). The Practice of Social Research: 9th Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Thomson.

Importance Of The Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Importance Of The Education - Essay Example Education by virtue of its very nature should be termed a human right, as a lack of it leads to countless problems and is a source of stress for individuals, governments and at times, even whole economies. Today, the world has become much more competitive than it had been in the past. That means that if one were to hope for success in the future, be it the financial success, social success or even self-sufficient success, education is, quite literally, the most important thing to have (Dewey, pp1).Today, when big companies and corporations hire people, they usually only inquire about the applicant’s qualifications in terms of their diplomas or degrees. That only reinforces the need for a proper education today because ruthless as it may sound, nobody wants to employ uneducated, illiterate people today. Therefore, needless to say, lack of education leads to unemployment, and ultimately poverty. Clearly, the cruel link between a lack of education and poverty, and a low standard of living, has been made explicit as it is prevailing in 70% of the world today. Another important result of education is the civility that can only be taught by communicating and interacting with other individuals in an educational setting. For instance, in many developing countries, the way educated people act and behave is phenomenally different from the way uneducated people do. Today, disparity between different sects of society is a common observation, something that most governments are taking steps to reducing. A way to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor is through education, as this will benefit the masses and for society as a whole as well. One major thing education indirectly teaches is the will to commit and to come up with the determination that this ‘will’ requires. Acquiring an education is more than only going to class and writing tests. Many times, it can be a financial burden, other times it can be too time-consuming. Along the way, students earning a degree have to make a whole lot of sacrifices and compromises. Sometimes it can be as slight as not snapping at a teacher for being unreasonable, other times, it can mean not attending your best friend’s birthday party to finish studying for a test. Either way, it is not always, as fulfilling as it seems to be, and many a times its rewards are only felt right at the end. Thus, throughout the course of 4 years or 8 years or however long it takes to earn that degree, one must constantly strive to thrive; as in the end even in education, it is a rat race. When one fails, one must stay up another night and redo the assignment, push oneself to work h arder and better, to lead. In the end, the people with the honors are the ones that stayed up the most nights, the ones that partied least and the ones that gave it their all. Before one enrolls to earn a degree, one must acknowledge that time spent vaguely is time wasted. Choosing the right major is an extremely important part of the educational process, perhaps the most important. One must take careful consideration of one’s interests, hobbies, weaknesses, and strengths. Furthermore, students must always take into account the real, ruthless side of an occupation. Having a romanticized view of a career can be very detrimental and leads to more harm than good. Choices should be realistic, but most importantly, made independently. For example, a student that took the sciences and

Writing the Lead Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing the Lead - Essay Example It also provides examples of these three types of leads in an effort to reveal how an effective lead could be written. Leads written by journalists and other media professionals could be categorized as good, bad, or questionable. A good lead should relate closely with the point statement of the newspaper or magazine article. This would make it not to dupe the reader of the article to read it only to realize that the article is different from what is illustrated by the lead. Moreover, a good lead should be enticing and captivating. This would give it the ability to induce interest of reading the whole article on the target leader. In addition, a good lead should not be too wordy. This means that it should not contain too many words that might make the lead boring. Not all leads can qualify to be good leads. One example of a good lead is â€Å"Not every thirteen-year-old girl is accused of murder, brought to trial, and found guilty. But I was just such a girl, and my story is worth relating even if it did happen years ago† (Read par. 1). This is a good lead since it is not wordy and it is both informative and captivating. According to Writing (Par. 2), another example of a good lead is â€Å"St. Johns Church survived in 1868 fire that destroyed most of Bloomington, and the weathered bombs thrown in anger during the sixties. But it crumbled last night under the weight of snow from yesterday’s freak storm.† This is also a very good lead because it is captivating and less wordy. Some leads are very difficult to categorize as either good or bad. These ones are categorized as questionable leads. In most cases, this kind of leads obeys some conditions of good leads while violating other conditions. A lead could be enticing and captivating but become too wordy. Moreover, a lead might be precise but fail to be captivating enough. A lead might also be enticing, captivating, and precise but fail to be informative enough. These kinds of leads are considered

About the role of Quantitative Easing in helping the UK out of the Essay

About the role of Quantitative Easing in helping the UK out of the slum - Essay Example The conditions following the financial collapse were by no means normal, however, and the Bank of England had to innovate. As conventional monetary tools became virtually ineffectual, the BOE started pursuing Quantitative Easing (QE) monetary regime. Joyce et al. (2011) defines QE as a government’s policy of expanding the central banks balance sheet with an objective of increasing the level of central bank’s reserves. The main purpose of the BOE in introducing the program was to expand the balance sheet. QE policy includes purchasing of assets from the financial market with an objective of imparting additional liquidity. Secondly, it seeks to affect the term structure of interest rates by influencing markets expectations on future interest rates. BOE’s decision to open asset purchase window marked the transition of BOE policies from a conventional regime to an unconventional QE regime. In early 2009, the Bank of England (BoE) introduced a large-scale asset purchase (LSAP) programme called quantitative easing (QE). When the intensity of global financial crisis was high following the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008, most governments and central banks around the globe introduced a variety of ways meant at stabilising financial conditions and supporting aggregate demand (Joyce et al., 2011). The main focus of BOE was to purchase large amounts of UK government bonds (gilts) from non-financial institutions. The BOE finished the LSAP program in early 2010, but it restarted it in October 2011. The main intention of the BOE in engaging in QE program was to boost liquidity in UK financial markets and help in restoring stability in credit and bond markets. The BOE was responding to continued deterioration in world economic growth, excessive market volatility and persistent problems in international credit markets. In response, the BOE revised the official bank rate to th e downside and reduced them by 0.5% to 1.5% in January 2009, prior to the introduction of

Information Technology Annotated Bibliography Essay

Information Technology Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example Moreover, they conducted comprehensive experiments that illustrated near optimal video streaming transmission quality. Their approach comprised a cross-layer protocol, which applies an intelligent approximation prediction of rate-distortion packets scheduler for real time video streaming. Additionally, it also comprises a forward error correction technique that protects against wireless channel noise. This article provides methodology and principle for my work in cooperative video streaming in smartphones using web browser cache. Conversely, their approach is a stand-alone application in mobile devices where I am interested in extending there work but with focus on persuasive approach using web browsing cache to achieve this target. Many concepts and guidelines in the article provide a good basis for live video streaming on wireless mobile connection, which I can, use. Overall, the strength can be seen in the work of optimization framework whereas, the limitation of this article is w ithin their experiment, which they did not compare with other approaches. H. Seferoglu and A. Markopoulou. â€Å"Video-Aware Opportunistic Network Coding over Wireless Networks,† in IEEE JSAC, Special Issue on Network Coding for Wireless Communication Networks, vol. 27, June 2009. Star rating:   2 Stars:   Paper describes some important terms and fundamental concepts Key words: Network coding, video streaming, prioritizedtransmission, wireless networks, and cross-layer optimization. The study highlights the aspect of network coding in increasing both the video quality and throughput over a wireless network for video streaming. This article cross-references various journal articles on relevant topics, which makes it easy to explode detailed information about contents of interest. Its concentration regards discussions that propose network coding and scheduling scheme for transmitting several video streams over a wireless mesh network. The know how mainly comes from the curr ent researches, which claim; network coding can increase throughput contrary to broadcast media through integrating packets obtained from diverse flows. Consequently, resulting to increased information content per transmission owing to the keen selection, which its basis is the decoding capacity concerning different network codes prior the main commencement. In comparing the former design and recent, the latter is more advantageous, since its information content per transmission is adequate or not limited thus, yielding to video quality of up to 5dB. In addition, the recent design possesses an extensive advancing capacity, which usually has similar MAC throughput levels. It is certain that, this work bridges the gap between the two approaches. Finally, the paper serves as an essential reading, which can help me gain deep knowledge regarding video streaming and network coding. Hence, act as supplement to the already attained knowledge towards the intended research. H. Seferoglu, A. M arkopoulou, U. C. Kozat, M. R. Civanlar and J. Kempf, â€Å"Dynamic FEC Algorithms for TFRC Flows,† in IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 12 pp. 869-885, Dec. 2010.   Star rating:   5 Stars: Paper is a leading paper for my research. I need clearly to comprehend how my research builds on this research. Key words: Application Layer FEC, Congestion Control, Video

Unemployment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Unemployment - Essay Example An unemployed individual does not currently have a job, has sort for a job in the prior 4 weeks and ready for work as defined by the U.S. Department of Labor (1). This is usually denoted as a percentage. Unemployment is a very significant measure or indicator of the economy and serves to indicate how healthy or ailing an economy is. The unemployment rate, which by definition is the ratio of people who are unemployed to the total number of people in the labor market, is the most common measure used to define and size up employment. There are instances when unemployment is voluntary (Gay 30). This scenario occurs when persons opt not to seek employment due to a number of reasons such as low wages in the market. Unemployment generally significantly affects parameters such as inflation and stock prices. What then is the relationship that exists between unemployment and inflation? Market players, such as the Federal government and corporate world usually relate low unemployment rates are attributed to high inflation levels. Low unemployment is consequently related to an increase in the growth of the economy. These market participants also view the reverse as true, which means that an increase in unemployment and a slow economic growth are indicative of a decrease in unemployment. Theoretically, the relationship between unemployment and inflation is explained by the Phillips curve. According to this theory, unemployment and inflation work in opposite direction. Chang asserts that in a period of low unemployment as compared to a period of high unemployment, there are fewer unemployed laborers in the labor market (Chang 10).

Capstone Experience (Strategy and Alignment) 1 Assignment

Capstone Experience (Strategy and Alignment) 1 - Assignment Example ot given the authority nor the responsibility to address customers’ complaints, the process of resolving these issues would be delayed and would cause dissatisfaction. In the current process, whenever there are customers who complain, the issue is elevated to the supervisor or manager for the needed decision. The structural misalignment using the RAEW tool is responsibility without authority (Strategy and Alignment, 2014). As emphasized in the RAEW tool, the â€Å"technique is intended to clarify to people the part they play in performing a specific business function within the enterprise† (YouSigma, 2008, p. 1). Thus, it identified the role and responsibilities of the customer service representative and those tasks outside of their jurisdiction. The misalignment could be fixed with clearer policies and procedures regarding addressing customers’ complaints. The organization could determine the usual complaints encountered in their work setting and determine the appropriate ways to address these. Thus, routine complaints could be addressed directly by the customer service representatives without referring the matter to their supervisors. In this regard, resolution to customers’ complaints would be immediate and

Unemployment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Unemployment - Essay Example An unemployed individual does not currently have a job, has sort for a job in the prior 4 weeks and ready for work as defined by the U.S. Department of Labor (1). This is usually denoted as a percentage. Unemployment is a very significant measure or indicator of the economy and serves to indicate how healthy or ailing an economy is. The unemployment rate, which by definition is the ratio of people who are unemployed to the total number of people in the labor market, is the most common measure used to define and size up employment. There are instances when unemployment is voluntary (Gay 30). This scenario occurs when persons opt not to seek employment due to a number of reasons such as low wages in the market. Unemployment generally significantly affects parameters such as inflation and stock prices. What then is the relationship that exists between unemployment and inflation? Market players, such as the Federal government and corporate world usually relate low unemployment rates are attributed to high inflation levels. Low unemployment is consequently related to an increase in the growth of the economy. These market participants also view the reverse as true, which means that an increase in unemployment and a slow economic growth are indicative of a decrease in unemployment. Theoretically, the relationship between unemployment and inflation is explained by the Phillips curve. According to this theory, unemployment and inflation work in opposite direction. Chang asserts that in a period of low unemployment as compared to a period of high unemployment, there are fewer unemployed laborers in the labor market (Chang 10).

(Exam questions) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

(Exam questions) - Essay Example "When the environment audit is undertaken, the objective is to develop a finite list of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses. Here the word finite list is emphasized because the job of the manager is not to make an exhaustive list of all the factors that may affect the organization. But focus should be on key environmental variables that could influence business"1. The importance of the environmental analysis is mostly realized by organizations but the depth of the analysis is often compromised. For example in Toyota Corporation, there is a management concept "to go to the roots". The meaning of this concept is that, when we are collecting information for analysis, the information should be collected from the source or in other words from the origin. When an external environmental analysis is done with information collected from the sources and decisions are made based on such in-depth data, the applicability and durability of strategic plans are considerably increased. The information from the external environment should be used to tune up the internal environment to meet the challenges and make good of the opportunities. When an organization needs to possess a competitive advantage its focus should be internalized rather externalized. The ability of a business concern to focus on its strengths and potential areas of improvement will lead to formulation of workable plans. Hence, the conflict between where we are and where we want to go does not arise. Wastage of time and money on formulating strategies which have to be later sacrificed to carry out day to day operations can be avoided. Many a times in a business organization, managers are faced with the challenge to modify the day to day operations to achieve the long term strategic goals and vice versa. This may be due to the gaps between the aspirations and actual business environment. The organization may aspire to achieve the mission and vision, but the ground reality faced by the company may create hurdles in the path. In an organization, long term strategic plans are useful to tune up the operations to achieve future objectives. But, it is often hard to follow the preplanned course of actions. This may be due to various reasons and mangers are often at the cross roads. Assigning priorities and making decisions becomes a challenge for the business managers when they have to decide the sacrifices that have to be made to get along in business. When we argue that often operational priorities derail strategic plans, it denotes that the culture in an organization is not oriented towards the strategic plans made. Th e external environment is ever dynamic and the strategy formulated should be flexible to accommodate the changes. When the strategists bring this concept into the strategy formulation right from the nascent stage then the situation of trade off of strategies can be avoided. When a person wants to achieve something in future the attitude, personality, values and other psychographic factors should be matching with what he/she wants to achieve. In an organization there are so many people working who have different kinds of needs. When different people work together to contribute towards the success of the organization, then the pattern in dealing with problems and the behavior of the employees should be assessed. This pattern of behavior is often called as the

How White People Became White Essay Example for Free

How White People Became White Essay Abstract Biologically speaking, it’s just as possible for a given white person in Florida to have genetics similar to his neighbor down the street as it would be for the same white person to have genetics similar to a black person in Nigeria. We could just as easily disregard skin color and pay attention to hair and/or eye color. Sociologists make this claim because they argue that the definition of what constitutes a race is something that is arbitrarily decided by society. Additionally, what it means to classify yourself or someone else as a particular race carries social meaning. Sociologist claims that race as a biological concept does not exist. However, the consequences of classifying someone as a certain race as certainly real enough. It needs to be said, though, that not every discipline agrees that race is merely a social construct. Forensic psychology absolutely identifies at least three racial categories. Some geneticists and epidemiologists also recognize race as a legitimate biological category. Race can be biological and socially constructed at the same time. The big difference is sociologists emphasize social definitions and meanings, rather than the biological aspects of race. By the eastern European immigration the labor force has been cleft horizontally into two great divisions. The upper stratum includes what is known in mill parlance as the English-speaking men; the lower contains the â€Å"Hunkies† or â€Å"Ginnies. † Or, if you prefer, the former are the â€Å"white men,† the latter the â€Å"foreigners† (Barrett Roediger, 1995). Skin color (whiteness, blackness, yellowness, etc. ) remains a concern in the late 20th century, not because it advances the mission of multiculturalism, helps us to understand different people, or allows us, as individuals to congratulate ourselves on our â€Å"color blindness,† but because skin color has been used to rank order people for practical things like jobs, promotions, loans, and housing (Condit Lucaites, 1993). Whiteness refers to a historical systemic structural race-based superiority (Philip C. Wander). You might think that because skin color was so central to the law, that â€Å"whiteness† and â€Å"blackness† were carefully defined and easy to understand. They were defined by law, but they were not easy to understand in practice. The inferior were, by God’s will, destined to be enslaved by the superior. Slave property became totally identified with people who happened to have black skin, the color that had always horrified the West (Kovel, 1984, p. 21). Abraham Lincoln believed in the racial superiority of white people, although he felt blacks should be paid a fair day’s wage for their work. People in the South thought he was an abolitionist in disguise. The confusion and the horror surrounding these complexities emerged, after the Civil War, in Jim Crow laws designed to keep the â€Å"races† apart. The law, pressured by the leaky nature of racial categories, devised a â€Å"one drop† theory-if you had one drop of â€Å"non-white blood† in your veins, you could not qualify as white. Throughout our history, â€Å"whiteness† has legally speaking, been a form of property (Harris Wander 1971). In the twentieth century, these fears gained a great deal of social legitimacy thanks to the efforts of an influential network of aristocrats and scientists who developed theories of eugenics—breeding for a â€Å"better† humanity—and scientific racism. Key to these efforts was Madison Grant’s influential Passing of the Great Race, in which he shared his discovery that there were three or four major European races ranging from the superior Nordics of northwestern Europe to the inferior southern and eastern races of Alpines, Mediterranean’s, and, worst of all, Jews, who seemed to be everywhere in his native New York City (Brodkin). Creating a separate ethnic category within the racial category of White seemed to solve the problem of how to count Hispanics without racializing them as non-Whites, as it had done in 1930 (Neil Foley). To identify oneself today as a â€Å"Hispanic† is partially to acknowledge one’s ethnic heritage without surrendering one’s whiteness—whiteness with a twist of salsa, enough to make one ethnically flavorful and culturally exotic without, however, compromising one’s racial privilege as a White person. The majority of Mexicans in the United States were therefore recognized by the census, if not the courts, as non-Whites. Although having their whiteness restored did not lessen discrimination, the Mexican government and Mexican Americans fully understood the implications of being officially or legally recognized as a non-White group (Foley). Segregation statues consistently defined all those without African ancestry as â€Å"whites. † Chinese and Mexicans in Texas were thus White under state laws governing the segregation of the races (Foley). After World War II, a French reporter was asked, â€Å"If there are any Negro problems? † The author replied, â€Å"There isn’t any Negro problem; there is only a white problem. † By inverting the reporter’s question, Wright called attention to its hidden assumptions—that racial polarization comes from the existence of blacks rather than from the behavior of white, that black people are a â€Å"problem† for whites rather than fellow citizens entitled to justice, and that unless otherwise specified, â€Å"Americans† means â€Å"white† (Lipsitz). Whiteness is everywhere in U.S. culture, but it is very hard to see. White power secures its dominance by seeming not to be anything in particular. † Race is a cultural construct, but one with sinister structural causes and consequences. Conscious and deliberate actions have institutionalized group identity in the Unites States, not just through the dissemination of cultural stories, but also through systematic efforts from colonial times to the present to create economic advantages through a possessive investment in whiteness for European Americans (Lipsitz). References Wander, P. C. (1971). The savage child: The image of the Negro in the proslavery movement. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 57, 335-360. Condit, C. , Lucaites, J. (1993). Crafting equality: America’s Anglo-African world. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Roediger, D. (1991). The wages of whiteness: Race and the making of the American working class. New York: Verso. Lipstiz, George. (1998) The Possessive Investment in Whitness: How White People Profit from Identity Politics. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

A Comparison Of Concrete Steel And Timber Construction Essay

A Comparison Of Concrete Steel And Timber Construction Essay Composite construction is a method whereby a concrete floor slab is utilised as part of the beam system. The slab acts as a concrete flange to the beam. As the beam and slab are of different materials, the size of the concrete flange is scaled down using a modular ratio where the youngs modulus of steel is divided by the youngs modulus of concrete. When these two elements bend, the top of each element is in compression and the bottom in tension. Because the bottom of the concrete is in tension of the top of steel is in compression this causes shear along the interface of the two materials. To overcome this a steel stud is welded through the metal deck. The stud is designed to take the shear force. The composite system consists of a concrete slab cast on profiled steel decking acting compositely with glue-laminated timber beams. Composite action is achieved with coach screw shear connectors between the beams and slab. The connectors have been tested in push out shear tests and a three-point bend test of a full-scale floor slab has been completed. The composite system is more than three times as stiff and almost twice as strong as the same beam/slab configuration without composite action. Richard Persaud, Dr Digby Symons The Structural Engineer 21 February 2006 Euro codes are a full set of structural design codes for building and civil engineering that used across Europe to open up trade boundaries allowing designers, and manufacturers to supply designs and products to other countries across the continent. Conceived over 30 years ago, the Eurocodes are now landing on the desks of engineers, and are expected to be fully adopted in 2010. For this reason, the Eurocodes were used for the design comparisons. In 2004, The Steel Construction Institute published a study comparing the costs and construction programme of various methods of steelwork and concrete framing solutions that reflect modern construction techniques to determine which is the most cost effective. The study looked at two types of buildings, costing and programming each of them. The study also looked at other aspects of the building, which can be affected by the choice of framing solution such as foundations, external elevation treatments and mechanical/electrical services. The study was motivated by the Egan report, which looked at the construction industry and how to lower costs. The report encourages offsite construction to improve speed and quality on site. People are starting to use tree planting as a way of offsetting carbon emissions. This is because of trees absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. One of the problems is that once a tree reaches maturity it stops absorbing CO2, then the next problem is when it dies and decays it starts to release CO2 back into the atmosphere. One solution round this is to store the carbon in materials, by using the timber as a construction material. The way in which timber is used us also key in reducing CO2 emissions. Timber should be dried before it can be used as a material, and it must be. One method is by kiln drying. Kiln drying is an artificial method of drying the timber by heating it up and in turn using fossil fuels, emitting CO2. This defeats the point of the object. The sustainable alternative is to allow the timber to dry naturally under cover. The ideal situation would be for people to use natural unaltered timber and design buildings within its limitations. However, due to human nature and the endeavour to improve, we are going to build higher and wider buildings that are filled with more objects and fewer supports. For this reason, we must come up with more innovative and sustainable solutions to overcome these challenges. We must harness timbers ability to lock CO2 into its structure and adopt methods to manipulate its properties. One of these engineered lumbers is Glue Laminated Timber, commonly abbreviated to Glulam in the industry. Timber in the UK as a building material is widely used, but not so much as for major building components such as beams and columns. In our history, we used to use great oak timbers for roofs and beams, but due to time it takes to grow these massive timbers, it was not long until demand outstripped supply. Moving into the 21st Century with the use of high strength glues, we are able to utilise fast growing tree species and mechanically bonded the timbers to form sizes and strengths that rival the oak timbers. These mechanically glued timbers are referred to as Glued Laminated Timber, which has been abbreviated to Glulam. In sustainability, the social impact on an area cannot be discussed without also discussing the environment and economics. The introduction of an industry can create an economic wealth for the local population that can lift certain areas out of poverty. This can be balanced against the environmental impact on the are by such industries. Industries can create noise and vibration, dust, local climate, ecology, soils, heritage, and archaeology as a by-product of the manufacturing process. Initially I thought that the timber would have a great depth of construction as compared to steel. The depth of steel beams were indeed shallower than the timber beams but because the steel beams require a concrete slab needs to span from beam to beam, the overall construction depth of the steel beam plus the slab is only marginally shallower than the overall timber floor construction. The shallowest overall floor construction is of the concrete flat slab because you do not require a beam as such; the slabs span directly to the columns.

Lupus Essay -- science

"Lupus" Systemic lupus erythematosus, or simply lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease or immune system malfunction. A person's immune system normally protects the person from viruses, bacteria and other foreign materials. When a person has an autoimmune diseases like lupus, the immune system turns against itself and attacks itself. Lupus does not have a known cause, and because of that it has no known cure. The exact cause of lupus is unknown, but scientists suspect that it is likely to be a combination of factors, people who contract lupus are probably genetically predisposed to lupus, and know that environmental factors such as infections, antibodies, ultraviolet light, extreme stress and certain drugs play a critical role in triggering lupus. Managing lupus is different from person to person. Individuals with lupus can usually live a normal life span. Medications are usually prescribed to patients, although treatment is not required at all times, but most patients will undergo some treatment. Some medications that are often prescribed for people with lupus are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, corticosteroids, antimalarials and immunomodulating drugs. The treatment goal for lupus is to stop the immune system from attacking & destroying vital organs. Another popular treatment for lupus is simply exercising and eating right. Since we have no known cause of lupus, you cannot prevent it. It is sometimes referred to as a chronic diseas...

Reasons of K Pop Popularity Among Filipino Teenager Essay

The Korean popular music, or the Korean pop or simply k pop is a musical genre consisting of electronic hip hop, pop rock, and R&B music originating in South Korea. Huyhn (2011) defined k pop as for Korean pop music that covers a wide variety of contemporary music including pop, hip hop, and R&B, dance-pop. Bubblegum pop, house, electro pop, and techno. Due to the big wave of success, k pop became so popular not only in South Korea but also to other parts of the world especially here in the Philippines. Numerous k pop groups like shinee, 4 minute, ft islands, super junior, ukiss, best, kim hyun joong and rain visited the Philippines to perform. In addition, more than two thousand k pop fans gathered for the first ever Philippine k pop convention held in the Philippine international convention center last December 10, 2009 (Alanzalon, 2011). As the idols or the Korean artist has their own groups, fans also their own groups, that the fans make group for talking about their idols, share some information about this artist etc. meaning this groups only showing their love for their idols. Filipinos most teenagers do like Koreans not only with their popular music’s and artist but also the culture. As Neigoff (1994), studied that Koreans are actually and varcially homogeneous people. They have a common language and like the Chinese and the Japanese there are mongoloid descent. Koreans are known as using chopsticks for solid foods rather than spoon and pork. As here in the Philippines the main dish I or the favorite dish is adobo, in Korean their most popular dish is kimchi that is consider as diet typical dishes. Korean is not closely related I any other modern language, spoken Korean is soft and lifting (Neigoff, 1994). Truly that most Filipino teenage have their in cell Phone, mp3, pc, the songs of Korean. It doesn’t matter to them if their pronunciation of the song is not correct, as long as they know the tune of it. Most Filipinos sang the Korean songs without even know what is the meaning of it. Culture Invasion Villoja & Lucceanne (2011) says in a periodical that Korean started entering the music industry more than $ 400,000 just to train and launched a new artist, and to guarantee the probability of their success. From solo act of taeyang of wedding dress song and boy bands such as super junior and beast, and girl groups as wonder girls that hit the # 1 spot in US billboard hot 100 chart with the single album of â€Å"nobody†, each of them was brought nice songs and dance moves that truly love most Filipinos. Korean brought and keeps (Villoja & Lucceanne, 2011) on bringing not only music but also entertainment at its best doing not just singing but also must to learn dance moves. Popularity of Korea takes by the k pop music and k pop artist, why do Filipinos loves Korean music in spite of the language barrier? Korean influence Filipinos from hip hop and R&B. As Poole (2012) says in magazine k pop is going to be k hop. Now k hop is getting in on the act like big bang and 2ne1 and others. You can find fans doing dance cover for their favorite k pop stars all around you tube k pop stars hit songs usually have dance moves that are intriguing yet simple inviting viewers to dance along (Zestya, 2011). In Korean music, there are at least few steps that are so catchy that makes fans do move and dance it. Another thing why k pop music is so popular in Philippines is because of the theme song of what in Filipino called â€Å"koreanovelas†. ABS-CBN and GMA, and other networks, tagalized the movies or teleserye from Korean language to tagalong, is the reason why do Filipinos love it. The music of the koreanovelas or what we called OST is also tagalized, like for example, â€Å"pagibig na kaya† from princess hours, â€Å"I believe† from sassy girl and â€Å"I think I love you† from the teleserye full house. Nowadays, k pop just keeps on hitting the local charts, although tagalized version are not that anymore (Villoja & lucceanne, 2011). Most Filipino teens’ especially girls do like Korean because of the artist, artist of music, and artist in koreanovelas. Name people that don’t love has various talents? No one. â€Å"A lot of k pop Idol stars are known as singer an dancer (Zestya, 2011) but also as actress or actor. asa example is Kim hyun joong, first known as a member group F4 in boys over flowers, and also can dance and sing as a member of SS501 but now a solo dancer and singer artist in Korea. Ridiculously Gorgeous Physique I know, we’re talking about music. Why does the physique of the singer should matter? But let’s face it, for every Susan Boyle and Paul Potts around, there are more Justin Bieber and Britney Spears type of successful musician out there. The same case applies in K-Pop music. Most K-Pop Idol Groups that are well known all around the world consists of handsome boys and pretty girls. Whatever image they’re portraying, whether it’s cute and sweet or cool and fierce, they seem like they just jumped out of the newest manga series. They look good in black, blonde, brown, and even blue, silver, and even pink hair. In a time where music videos travel around the world in a second, appearance does matter. Especially when you’re in a group that consists of 7, 9, or even 13 members and your singing part isn’t that much to begin with. Never mind the fact that some of these idols went under the knife to improve their appearance. Hollywood stars are doing it, so why can’t they? (Zestya, 2011). K pop artist are popular In the Philippines of course because of fans. The idolization of Filipino fans to their idol Korean star are exceptionally dedicated. Most Filipino fans are local to their idols, they do like a stalker just to see them, to touch and to say hello to them, only one reply like â€Å"hi† is enough for them that why fans are exceptionally love their Idols. Popular boy band groups Lets start with super junior, the group is a thirteen member, but this active members are down to nine, the two of them were took in a mandatory military service, the other was took another career. This Korean band was the top Korean group star, each of everyone of them has a good attitudes and one of them is Choi Siwon, that according to other member is almost perfect, he is manly has a great body, kind smart, rich and is devoted Christian, and also good in English skills. Their popular music in the Philippines are like a cute dance moves â€Å"sorry, sorry† a kilig factor song â€Å"no other† and their latest song the â€Å"superman†. U kiss is another Korean group that visited Philippines twice, first is by endorsing their album, that had been popular in MYX music charts the song â€Å"bigeul bigeul†. The group is composed of 7 members but two of them leave the group for the other career but a newly member way take place of it, ukiss stand for â€Å"ubiquitous Korean idol super star†. Ukiss is different to other male group because their near to the fans, no strict security, free hand shake, free picture taking and also makes fans entertain that can say they truly love their fans. Another group is Ze:a that last January visited Philippines for the debut of their album â€Å"watch out†. he group is also known as children of empire that like super junior they consist of 9 member. Aragona (2012) says in a periodical that , screaming girls of the tween and teen demographic? Check, pounding pop music with mostly indecipherable lyrics? Check, pretty boy with skin so clear that could be endorsers for top skin care branch? Check, said boys sporting hairstyles that defy the laws of Newton? Check. Popular girl groups and artist Wonder girls is the first Korean artist that hit the # 1 spot in US billboard hot chart that is so popular in Philippines, singing in â€Å"videoke†, dancing in everywhere no other song as â€Å"nobody†. The 2ne1 that makes popular in Philippines because of sandarac park (dara park) that is an artist here in Philippines before she began a member of 2ne1. The girls generation that usually may be the couple of super junior because of common number of members. The girls generation or â€Å"so nyu shi dae† (snsd) in Korea GG, became popular because they are all talented with a nice style of clothing and hair that hit the filipina teenagers. The explosion of Korean pop on local radio, television and the internet is the second wave of hanryu, the so-called â€Å"Korean wave† that started seven or eight years ago with the local TV. Since then Korean companies have been exporting Korean pop culture even more aggressively (and with more marketing savvy) to Asia and beyond: movies, TV programs, music videos, recordings and live concerts. We used to buy their cars and home appliances, now we also buy their entertainment. (Caruncho, 2010). In conclusion most Filipino teenagers do love k pop because of their nice culture that is truly hooked up the hearts of many Filipinos, not only with the teens but also their parents do love k pop. It is true that if you are k pop you’ve never stop as the teens’ did to their idol stars. (Alanzalon,2011), the study my become the basis of Koreans entertainment companies to recognize the Philippine as a strong potential as a market for their products. The k pop popularity in Philippines is said to be will never stop because majority of tees’ do love and appreciated it. As I summary therefore I conclude that k pop continue hooked the hearts of many Filipinos until the next generation.

Bureaucratic Practices In Educational Institutes

Bureaucracy is the structure and set of regulations in place to control activity, usually in large organizations and government. As opposed to adhocracy, it is represented by standardized procedure (rule-following) that dictates the execution of most or all processes within the body, formal division of powers, hierarchy, and relationships. In practice the interpretation and execution of policy can lead to informal influence.Of the most famous political persons responsible for the making of bureaucracy, and its effects on society would be Max Weber, the German sociologist who set the course of the field in foundations of Administration and Politics. Weber established there were three different types of authority which helped to set the stage of public administration and helped to direct the forms of government which exist today. The three types of authority that dominate the governmental and societal settings of the present are traditional, charismatic, and legal rational.The third ty pe of authority is the type which we are most familiar with. Legal rational authority dominates the modern world, and can easily be thought of as a closed system of regulations and rules forming a bureaucracy. This authority is purely devoted to impersonal and functional purposes, thus giving the perfect stage for bureaucracy, where all focuses are impersonal and functional alone. â€Å"†¦ the bureaucratic system of organization is primarily characterized by the existence of a series of relatively stable vicious circles that stem from centralizations and impersonality† (Crozier, 1964, p 193)Bureaucracy in Educational Organizations Bureaucracy manifests itself in schools in the several ways. One key feature of a bureaucratic organization is presence of a formal hierarchical structure. Each level in a bureaucracy controls the level below and is controlled by the level above. A formal hierarchy is the basis of central planning and centralized decision making. In the school setting, the school head teacher tops the hierarchy, followed by his deputy. The teachers come next, then the prefect. The students lie at the bottom of the hierarchy.A bureaucracy runs by some well defined rules. Controlling by rules allows decisions made at high levels to be executed consistently by all lower levels. In the school, there are certain rules that students are supposed to abide by. The teachers also have a general code of conduct which they are supposed to observe. In a school, there is functional specialty. Every teacher has a special subject that he/she teaches, and is not expected to venture into other subjects. This is another key feature of a bureaucracy.Another characteristic of a bureaucracy is purposeful impersonality, whereby the idea is to treat all employees equally and customers equally, and not be influenced by individual differences. In the school, a school head is not supposed to talk to his children, who attend the school, about family matters. He is s upposed to act like he does not know them in any other way apart from that they are his students. A school can therefore be said to be a typical bureaucracy. During volunteer work at Thika Primary school, I noted several cases in which bureaucratic tendencies of the school, led to compromised resultsHow Bureaucracy Causes Poor Results In Schools Bureaucracy has been hailed as an excellent system of management in the organizations. In fact, no single system of administration has been adopted more widely that the bureaucratic system. Unfortunately, the system has largely failed to impress in education institutions, especially the academic institutions. During the course of volunteer work, this fact was manifested in a number of cases. Bureaucracy in school leads to a situation whereby students find it extremely difficult to secure audience with the head teacher.This is because, for a student to report a problem to the head teacher, he has first to report to the class prefect, who info rms the teacher. The teacher informs the deputy head teacher, who consequently forwards the issue to the head teacher. In this case, addressing the problem takes a painstakingly long period of time. If the issue required fast action, the intervention might come too late. The student ends up bearing the brunt of a bureaucratic system, which reflects negatively on his academic performance.This case was evident in Thika Primary School, whereby several children admitted to have sought audience with the head teacher, with little success. Another negative consequence of bureaucracy notable is in the procurement of learning resources. The process of purchasing books for the school takes too long, since approval must be sought from the head teacher, who takes the issue to the board of governors for a final decision on whether to place a tender. The tender is advertised and awarded to a book distributor.This whole process can take more than one school term, delaying the time that the student s have to interact with the books. This consequently leads to poor results. At the time of volunteer work, several story books had been ordered for purchase, but the process was taking too long. Bureaucratic practices in academic institutions also dent school student performance, whereby students are given insufficient feedback of their performance in a term. Here, the rules oblige the head teacher to write his feedback on the student’s performance, in the report form.However, due to the large numbers of students, he is not able to follow up the individual performance of each student. What he does to fulfill his obligation is fill all the report forms with the same comment, for example, ‘fair’. The student ends up not well guided on how well or bad he has performed. In such a case, he does not know whether he is faring poorly and needs to improve, or is performing well and needs to improve. This leads to bad grades in the subsequent terms. Conclusion It is import ant that schools abandon bureaucratic tendencies that lead to poor academic performance of the students.The head teacher must ensure that he is approachable, not seated in some hierarchically elevated seat. Process of purchasing learning resources must be made faster and simpler. Once such steps have been taken to streamline how schools run, the performance of the schools will improve, and the students will be able to achieve their academic goals and career ambitions References Bureaucracy. Anti Essays. Retrieved October 23, 2008, from the World Wide Web: Crozier, M. The Bureaucratic Phenomenon . 1964. London: Tavistock Publications. http://www. antiessays. com/free-essays/1895. html www. wikipedia. org/bureaucracy

Business Essay

A. 1. As I began my journey as a new business owner of a computer company I needed to define my company’s goals, decide which direction I wanted to take the company to and create a mission statement that will best represent my company. Since the company was new I needed to come up with something catchy and promising that would invite potential clients to find out more about the products we offer. Since there were more participants in this game and from my professional experience I learned that staying on the same path and making advancements is more beneficial than trying to change directions every time. In this case I remained focused on the same two groups for the remaining 3 rounds. Instead of changing and adding more products every quarters like most of the other participants I kept my two models (one for each group) and made necessary corrections and modifications based on the market needs. I verified the requirements of each group, the priorities and the price range each client is willing to pay. Since there are no specific techniques used in this part of the business analysis I used my own judgment in making sure that I create the best product with the items that are most important to the potential client group. As stated above I initially created two products (one for each group) and after the first round they both passed 70% but in the scientific group it was not chosen as one of the best. In the second round I was given an option of reviewing products of my competitors and the only difference was the larger monitor and an upgraded keyboard. I added those options to my products and in the next round both products did very well. I had to make sure that in the nest round I keep up with the new upgrades and add them to my products to make sure that I keep up with the new technology. Even after making the upgrades the prices did not change a lot and the two groups still chose my product as one of their choices and my products were receiving 100% in both categories. Out of all the categories my market performance would produce larger results if I was not afraid in estimating more clients and produce more computers in both categories. Every quarter I ended up loosing clients and sales due to shortage in inventory. My market performance, marketing effectiveness and human resource management remained slightly low even though I was very close to my competitors. As far as my salary package I paid my employees the most but I only contributed 2% of their salary versus 5% that everyone else was contributing. I believe that salary is more important than the retirement contribution. I upgraded health benefits but kept the contribution the same. 2.I would not change the targeted markets I have selected because my decision was a success. I wanted to make sure that my company will have balance between high paying clients and not as much demand and those where the profits are not as high but the demand is much higher. My analogy was right on target because with the Mercedes I was making higher profit but the number of machines was not as high as the market for general public where the profit was significantly lower. After being chosen by both markets as a preferred factory I had to make sure that I am keeping up with current technology and by adding extra features the price difference is not too high so that I would loose my lower profit clients. With that business idea I was able to survive my competition and climb up to the top. 3.When it comes to the sales locations I selected I believe that I have done enough research to make a good decision. Since I have chosen Mercedes for scientific computers and general public I wanted to make sure that I cover United States since Mercedes mainly operated in the US and their main headwaters are in Germany. Therefore I chose NY as one of the first offices along with France in Europe. My next choice was Tokyo since they have the most advanced technology and I can use that as my selling point to generate more business. My last choice was South America even though the expenses were not as high but it is less demanding since the poverty is significantly high. As expected, choosing my locations in this order was a success. 4.Marketing research could definitely be improved since I was not as successful as I was hoping to be. Most of my business was coming from direct sales and not as much from other advertising. I did not want to invest large amounts of money on the popular magazines since the fee was very high and I was concentrating on more common papers such as Science Magazines and business papers. Maybe I should have been more adventurous and invest in more popular magazines but I was afraid that I would suffer financially. Also I was not able to come up with a very catchy advertising line to attract potential clients and was scoring somewhat low on the advertising review. B.One of the most important decisions I made was to invest in international markets. Since Mercedes is from Germany and its factories are in the US I felt as investing in a European market would be a good idea simply because I come from Europe and I know that Mercedes is in demand as well as there are a lot of companies in need of a highly developed machine that can make their discoveries and creations a lot easier. I was a little hesitant about opening offices in Tokyo since their technology is very advanced and cost is very high. But because of that I decided to stand with competition face to face and use this to my advantage. By creating same quality machines for a little lesser cost I was able to survive and beat most of my competition. South America had smaller expenses but the demand was not very high considering the high number of less fortunate individuals. If investing in the international markets required large funds I would concentrate on the US market and possibly South America. Unless I discovered high turnaround and my investment would not affect my company’s future I would consider this option. Throughout my entire game I was very cautious and I was afraid of heavy investment simply because my funds were very limited and I did not want to jeopardize my company over greed and quick wealth. After reviewing my financial reports I was able to determine if additional investment is possible and how my this would effect the company overall. Heavy investment would depend on how the financial statements looked, careful review of the international markets and position of the company in the global market. If the company would not be as successful at the end of the 4th quarter as I wanted it to be I would most likely find another route to expand my borders.

The Four Different ResearchTheories & Differences and Similarities Assignment

The Four Different ResearchTheories & Differences and Similarities between theory and hypothesis - Assignment Example In the process of criminal research there are many things to consider in teaching people on criminal justice research. However, to be able to understand the plan in construction new crime prevention strategy city wide there are major points that require to be discussed. The main points that will be tackled for educational information will include definition of theories of inductive, deductive, axiomatic as well as grounded research theories (Ireland, Berg & Mutchnick, 2010). In addition, looking at all these theories, one can be considered to be more valid than the rest. There are a number of theories introduced in the criminal justice system and they all have differences and similarities that that make them separate entities in the field of criminal justice. Knowing the theories is one main point but being able to define the variables and their importance as theoretical schemes components is crucial to providing learning information to police captains. Key Differences between the Research Theories In this section, a generalization of the four theories will be given to gain a basic understanding of each one. Deductive reasoning takes general information and gives it a particular instance. An example of this kind of reasoning can be dogs sleep twelve hours a day. Understanding that this may be true for one dog, it can be concluded that that is also true for all dogs based on the fact that they have the same biology. Inductive reasoning involves taking well detailed facts and applying them to general principles. An example could be that all cows are spotted. Another example could be that every day the sun rises in the morning and sets in the evening. It can be said to be a simplified version of facts such as location, speed and viewpoints (Ireland, Berg & Mutchnick, 2010).... Deductive reasoning takes general information and gives it a particular instance. An example of this kind of reasoning can be dogs sleep twelve hours a day. Understanding that this may be true for one dog, it can be concluded that that is also true for all dogs based on the fact that they have the same biology. Inductive reasoning involves taking well detailed facts and applying them to general principles. An example could be that all cows are spotted. Another example could be that every day the sun rises in the morning and sets in the evening. It can be said to be a simplified version of facts such as location, speed and viewpoints (Ireland, Berg & Mutchnick, 2010). Grounded theory is a methodology that is systematic involving coming up with a theory from data that is gathered and available. It is mainly used when doing qualitative research, even though it can be applicable for quantitative data. In other words it is the scientific method that has been reversed. One starts by collec ting data in a variety of ways first then from the data gathered a hypothesis is proposed. Using the axiomatic research theory, the system is made up of any set of axioms or postulate in coming up with a proposition that has not been demonstrated or proven but is considered to be self evident or is known to be true without any proof. From this all or some of the axioms can be used together to come up with logically derived theorems. In other words the data is taken to be factual without having to necessarily prove it (Hagan, 2009). Which theory is more valid? Looking at the four theories the grounded theory can be considered to be more valid based on the methodology it uses. Its apparent ability to come up with theories by use of an inductive approach has put it forward as very relevant

Future Intelligent Led Policing Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Future Intelligent Led Policing Model - Essay Example One such technique would be intelligent led policing, which is mainly associated with the operational strategy of law enforcement. â€Å"Intelligent-led policing is a business model and managerial philosophy where the data analysis and crime intelligence are pivotal to an objective, decision-making framework that facilitates in crime and problem reduction.†(Intelligent led Policing n.d). Thus, the concept of intelligent led policing revolves around the phenomenon of gathering data and using it as a guide operation in drastically reducing the crime even before they arise. Apart from collecting the information about the crimes, fast and efficient analysis accompanied with the appropriate actions has greater potential in controlling the crimes even before they originate. â€Å"Intelligence-led policing is zero tolerance policing but against the right people at the right time for right reasons.† (Stevens 2011). This paper will mainly focus on the positives and negative aspe cts of intelligent led policing on basis of which it can be implemented in future. Based on the ethical and the practical issues surrounding the intelligent led policing, it can be considered as the model for the future policing. Moreover, the collective effort of other agencies plays a vital role in the successful practice of the intelligent led policing. †Police Department need to collaborate with other units and agencies within their cities or countries, such as the parole and probation agencies, which are completely different in scope.† (Joyce 2012). The above can be considered as one of the core concepts where the intelligent led policing differs from the normal stream. One of the highlighted advantages of the model would be the excavating the ways by through which the occurrences of the crimes can be greatly reduced. Thus, it is mainly based on the interpretation, influence, and impact of the data in a criminal environment.

Managing Working Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Working Capital - Essay Example The working capital management takes the concept of managing inventories, cash, receivables and payables and the short term funding. Inventory management is quite important for an organisation. Maintaining a high level of inventory can incur higher cost for the firm, while a low inventory level can put a hindrance on the way to meet the customer needs. So it is very much necessary to have ideal inventory level to meet the customer demands at a minimum possible cost. In a similar way, the receivables would indicate about the willingness of the organisation to offer products or services on credit based. This credit sale is quite risky if not managed well. On the other hand sometimes firms have to offer their products or services on credit basis, as that would fetch more customers to increase the business volume. This again is a risk return trade-off for the organisation. Cash is an important component of the current assets on balance sheet. This is the most liquid asset that a company can avail in troubled situation. On the other end, having an excess level of cash can block to use that as operating capital. So having an optimum cash level is necessary for proper business functioning. Cash and short term securities management is very much needed from liquidity point of view. In all, a proper management of working capital is very much necessary to generate cash and improve profits at a reduced risk level. The allocation can be changed with due change in the financial and operational environment. For an instance in recession time, firms would like to cut down their inventory levels, delay the debt payment and at the same time would like to accelerate the payments from debtors. So different periods can have different working capital needs. Even this can vary depending upon the industry or depending upon the size of the organisation. For an instance retail

Evaluation of a Study Involving Faculty Development Essay

Evaluation of a Study Involving Faculty Development - Essay Example This paper evaluates a scholarly journal article in which 17 participants involved in nursing education were interviewed in relation to their opinion regarding knowledge, skills development, and the variety of teaching directly related to their in-house professional environment. There are many challenges involved with coordinating an effective EPR program that are largely due to the type of educational facility structure and current level of skills acquisition by teaching staff. The Study’s Intention The research study consisted of qualitative interviews after the researchers selected a sample population of 17 different educators with varying skills acquisition and level of nursing education experience. A portion of the sample consisted of full-time educators, part-time educators, and those categorized as clinical faculty members. The majority of participants maintained what was considered to be higher-level skills accessibility and were thus mostly considered experts in their field of education. The sample chosen was designed to offer a cross-section of skills application to understand whether needs associated with faculty development were diverse or whether needs in faculty development were similar. ... An objective of this qualitative methodology was to ensure that individual respondents could define their opinion of what constituted a peer in the EPR process as well as their belief regarding what tools would be best effective when designing a future EPR program. The goal of this interview structure was to identify what practices might be ineffective for future EPR programs and also highlight what systems or processes might be most beneficial in a real-time teaching environment. As previously identified, by using expert respondents in the sample chosen, practice versus theory in EPR could be more appropriately identified. Thibault (2011) identifies that if faculty development programs are not structured in a way that is meaningful to the educator, they are not likely to be sustainable over the long-term. â€Å"If the interprofessional teaching is regarded as ‘extra’ or as something that faculty do on a volunteer basis on their own time, it is not likely to be sustaina ble† (Thibault, 2011, p.314). This assessment by Thibault is supported by the selected research article as the participants in the study identified many different systems-based challenges that frustrated their educator development goals. Two of these challenges included frustration over not understanding how they fit within the system and â€Å"lack of stability in courses being taught† (Toth & McKey, 2010, p.56). The article provided results that clearly indicated that there must be a sense of regularity regarding educational peer review programs with marginal room for flexibility in order to gain support or for the educator to find long-term value in the program structure. In general, short of a few exceptions in the chosen sample group, there was a

SPIRITUAL ARCHITECTURE IN RONCHAMP AND LA TOURRETTE Essay

SPIRITUAL ARCHITECTURE IN RONCHAMP AND LA TOURRETTE - Essay Example The other is the Sainte Marie de La Tourette, a Convent for teachers and students at Lyon, France hereafter called La Tourette. While the structures of Le Corbusiner can be analysed from different perspectives, this essay will discuss the techniques in form and material that were used for the two structures to achieve spiritual architecture. 1. Analysis of Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp Constructed in 1955, the Ronchamp structure follows the 'Expressionist Modern' modern style. The structure is built using concrete, glass and wood. The story behind the structure is that the original 4th church was destroyed in WW II. It is important to know that the church was a reformist church. This means that the clergy and the priests who managed and preached at the church wanted a modern structure. The wanted the spirit of the church to clear the decadent past when the structure was full of ornamental embellishments with stained glass, spires and other gothic features. Le Corbusier had to build a church that reflects modern art and modern architecture with spatial purity. However, Corbusier, in keeping with his own style wanted to focus on increasing available space1. The spirituality of the architecture can be seen in the the style he adopted for the interiors He used the illusion of increased space by using curves and interplaying light with shadows so that the depth of the room seemed to be more than it really was. The materials he has used extensively are concrete, stone, glass and wood to a small extent. The windows are arranged in sporadic pattern and in the form of puncturing apertures on the wall. This helps to amplify the light emerging from the chapel since the windows are tapered in the well cavity. Each wall is illuminated by the window frames that differ in light. The space behind the altar is thus given a speckled pattern like a star filled night with sparse openings. These openings are placed along with larger apertures above the cross. A flood of light is emi tted that falls on the cross creating a transformative experience for the visitor. This gives the spiritual architecture where the light of god is brought into the chapel2. 1.1. Analysis of form of Ronchamp The church has a simple design and it has two entrances. The main pulpit has a main altar and three chapels placed under the towers. Concrete is used in abundance in the structure and the use of steel reinforcement allowed Corbusier to create an upturned and curving roof that is supported by slender columns placed in the walls. The appearance of the roof is like a sail that is blowing on the windy currents of a stormy sea. This point is emphasised by the junction where the left and right walls converge and the shape seems like the curved hull of a ship. Le Corbusier has strived to bring the spiritual perspective of the reformist church into the structure. The new church is seen as the ship of the God that sails the stormy seas and carries its flock to salvation and safety. In the inside areas, space is created between the roofs and the walls. This has a number of clerestory windows with asymmetric light that falls from the openings in the wall. This helps to bring into sharp notice about the sacred role of the church and helps to create the relation between the building and the surroundings. By using concrete effectively to create recessed windows, a soft and indirect lighting emerges. This reflects off from the white walls of the church. The small windows ensure that minimum lighting falls on the congregation areas even in day light. During night, small lights behind the windows help to create a diffused lighting inside the prayer and sermon area. Corbusier did not want